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In this research, the reduction of iron ore sinter in a blast furnace (BF) simulator in CO–CO2–N2‐reducing gas, simulating conditions at the BF center and wall, …
because the reduction by hydrogen is endothermic reac-tion.7) Increase in the hydrogen concentration leads to a decrease in the shaft region temperature of BF. Therefore, higher reducibility of iron ore burden at lower temperature is required under higher hydrogen condition. Iron ore sinter, pellet, and lump ore are typical iron
the BF shaft. It is found that lump ore has lowest reduction rate in all test conditions, and at lower temperatures iron ore pellets reduce faster than sinter, and this is reversed at higher temperatures. Furthermore, the reduction rate of sinter and iron ore pellets begins to resemble each other at higher temperatures. FULL PAPER l ...
Herein, the reducibility of the iron ore pellet, sinter, and lump ore in the BF shaft are focused on. The experiments are conducted isothermally with a blast furnace …
In iron making process, sintering of iron ore fines is an integral step to utilize not only the ore fines but also to introduce a part of flux (limestone and dolomite) …
Direct reduction of iron ore with H2 has become an alternative technology for iron production that reduces pollutant emissions. The reduction kinetics of iron ore fines in an H2 atmosphere under isothermal and non-isothermal conditions were studied by thermogravimetric analysis. X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy were …
Sintering is the most important process where iron o re fines are converted into a suitable lumpy product for blast furnace consumption. In this study, received sinter from Vizag Steel Plant, India has been used. The solid state isothermal reduction kinetics has been carried out sing coke dust (treated as industrial waste) as re ductant at temperature 1373K over …
Sintered ore is one of the main iron 50 charges used in blast furnaces (BF), accounting for about 75% of the blast furnace charge structure. 51 The energy structure of the …
Earlier studies reported on the properties of iron ore and the quality of sinter. However, there is no unified understanding of the effect of SiO. 2. on the fluidity of iron ore, and the main primary mechanism is not clear. The effect of fluidity of iron ore on the reduction of sinter still lacks deep theoretical insights.
Selective non-catalytic reduction should theoretically apply to low-temperature iron ore sintering, yet there are few reports on its application in this area. Experiments [ 51, 52 ] conducted in sintering pots revealed that adding urea in the range of 0.02%–0.5 % to …
The reduction kinetics tests of Shougang sintering iron ores were performed from 1173 to 1373 K with CO by thermogravimetric analysis, from which the values of reduction reaction apparent ...
2. Reductant for iron ore sintering. Fuel is a combustible substance whose main constituent is carbon which on burning gives a large amount of heat which can be …
From as received to T 10 pct, open porosity increased by 456, 274 and 59 pct for the sinter, lump ore and acid pellet, respectively. This is probably related to the removal of oxygen from the reduction of iron oxides, opening the structure of the particles, and even the formation of cracks due to reduction degradation.
The study of mineral phases on iron ore sinter reduction in hydrogen atmosphere has proven to mitigate the effect of CO 2 emission in the ironmaking process. Also, whisker growth in direct reduced iron can be attributed to the presence of sulfur present in the reductant coals. As the presence of sulfur in the carbonaceous …
The study of mineral phases on iron ore sinter reduction in hydrogen atmosphere has proven to mitigate the effect of CO 2 emission in the ironmaking …
Intensification of the iron ore sintering process is approached with a four-way framework covering granulation improvement, waste gas recycling, fuel gas injection into the sinter bed, and reduction of stack emissions. Various metallurgical wastes are granulated to form micro pellets and are dosed along with the feed to cut down the cost.
Super-high bed sintering process is an important development direction of iron ore sintering for its lower emission and higher yield. However, there is a lack of deep understanding of the uneven quality of super-high bed sintering products, and the deterioration of reduction disintegration performance, the thickening of hearth layer and …
Model of an iron ore sinter plant with selective waste gas recirculation. Author links open overlay panel Johannes Niel a, Bernd Weiss b, Walter Wukovits a. Show more. Add to Mendeley. ... Development of Secondary-fuel Injection Technology for Energy Reduction in Iron Ore Sintering Process. Tetsu-to-Hagane, 97 (10) (2011), pp. 510 …
Modeling of sintered iron ore deformation during ironmaking blast furnace processes is important to achieve superior process operations, particularly with the current goal of decarbonization. In this study, the high-temperature softening behavior of sintered iron ore characterized by a low-melting-point molten slag core and solid iron-rich phase …
However, the gradual increase in gangue minerals in iron ore fines in the last decade due to the depletion of high-grade iron ore resources has resulted in a considerable change in sinter chemistry, in particular alumina content and basicity (Lu et al., 2007). Since lump ore and pellets are more acidic and contain less alumina than iron ore ...
sinter have different reduction behaviors, and these are con-siderably influenced by sinter iron ore morphologies. Qie et al. [7] reported effect of hydrogen on reduction kin-etics of iron oxides in blast furnace. They were especially fo-cused on reduction kinetics of iron ore pellet, not sintered iron ore, in whole reduction steps. Although ...
The fundamental properties and utilisation feasibility in the sintering production of a newly developed commercial iron ore resource were studied at laboratory scale in the present work.
The sinter with low reduction degradation index (RDI) for COREX reduction was prepared by separated granulation sintering process. The results illustrate that the productivity and tumble index are attained to be 1.64 t m−2 h−1 and 59.25%, respectively, in pot tests under the optimal conditions. Under the reducing condition …
The reduction kinetics tests of Shougang sintering iron ores were performed from 1173 to 1373 K with CO by thermogravimetric analysis, from which the values of reduction reaction apparent activation energy were determined. It could be predicted that the reduction of iron ore sinter is controlled by interracial chemical reaction at the initial …
@article{Xu2022InsightIM, title={Insight into mechanisms of CaCl2 for improving reduction disintegration of iron ore sinter: An experimental and DFT investigation}, author={Liangping Xu and Hui-bo Liu and De Cheng and Qiang Zhong and Ming-jun Rao and Guanghui Li}, journal={Journal of Molecular Liquids}, year={2022}, url={https://api ...
When the hematite turned into magnetite totally, the inner stress of iron ore ended to increase, just the plasticity of iron ore increased with the rising temperature, and the reduction degradation index ended to increase. 2.3 Influences of reducing gas on the iron ore reduc- tion degradation degree As for different smelting conditions, the low ...
L. F. Verdeja (2017) Iron Ore Sintering: Process, Mineral Processing and Extractive Metallurgy. Review, 38:4, 215-227, DOI: 10.1080/08827508.2017.1288115 ... content in sinter, the reduction and ...
Abstract Iron ore, pellets, and sinter were reduced with hydrogen at 800 °C to understand the degree of reduction and the mineralogical aspects. The weight loss of goethite and limonite iron ore was noticed to be lower than that of magnetite and hematite varieties. X-ray diffractometry (XRD) indicated 100 pct Fe in the case of hematite, 93 pct …
With the aim of reducing CO 2 emissions in basic industries, the sector of iron and steel metallurgy is also faced with the question of how carbon can be replaced in ore reduction. By means of in-situ observation, this study investigates the direct reduction (DR) of individual iron ore pellets under an atmosphere of hydrogen (H 2) and carbon …
In the sintering process fine iron ore is agglomerated into porous pieces that are subsequently charged into the blast furnace. This paper sheds light on how neural networks were used to model and optimize the reduction degradation index (RDI), which is an essential sinter quality indicator.
Furthermore, the reduction rate of sinter and iron ore pellets begins to resemble each other at higher temperatures. 1 Introduction. A blast furnace (BF) is the …
In iron making process, sintering of iron ore fines is an integral step to utilize not only the ore fines but also to introduce a part of flux (limestone and dolomite) along with the sinter in blast furnace burden. ... 7215. In this test 500 g sized sample (10–12.5 mm) is taken. The sample is kept in 75 mm diameter retort and the reduction …
Sinter plants process a mixture of iron ore fines, recycled ironmaking products, slag-forming agents and solid fuel (coke) with the finality of obtaining a product with the suitable ...
Reduction degree as a function of time for iron ore pellet, sinter, and lump ore at 700, 800, 900, and 1000 C [ 44 ] "modified". Oxy-hydroxides such as goethite have shown high reducibility ...
Thus, the iron ore sintering process provided a viable solution for resource utilization and environmentally friendly treatment of zinc extraction residues. ... Furthermore, the increased pore space of the sinter augmented reduction under kinetic conditions. Table 4 Effect of zinc extraction residue addition on RI, RDI +0.5 mm, RDI +3.15 mm, ...
The effect of fluidity of iron ore on the reduction of sinter still lacks deep theoretical insights. Therefore, this study mainly focused on the influencing mechanism of fluidity, and the ...
The sintering process is a well-established process in use at integrated steel making plants. It consists of an agglomeration through an oxidizing/reducing fusion of iron ore fines (sinter feed) and fluxing agents (lime, limestone, etc.) as well as re-circulated materials (dust, sludge, etc.) at temperatures between 1200 °C to 1400 ° C. A carbon …
Reduction Disintegration Index ( RDI) is one key factor of sinter quality, which indicates the degree of disintegration by the reducing gas at about 550 in the middle of the blast furnace shaft. This is related to the permeability and reduction reaction between gas and sinter in the blast furnace, so appropriate quality control is essential. RDI is influenced …
Iron ore sinter plants are energy-intensive components of integrated iron and steel production (see Table 1), where the iron ore fines (<5 mm) are converted into larger (>5 mm) lump sinter cakes with greater gas permeability, which are the most important burden materials for iron making in blast furnaces (BFs) [7].The main process is shown …